Family: Anacardiaceae
Taxon: Spondias mombin L.
Synonyms: Spondias lutea, S. aurantiaca, S. axillaris. S
cytherea, S. dubia, S. graveolens, S. lucida, S myrobalanus, S. nigrescens, S.
pseudomyrobalanus, S purpurea, S. radlkoferi, S. venulosa, S. zansee
Common names: acaiba, acaja, acaja, acajaiba, acaju ajuela,
agria, binbish-sheshon, caja, caja-mirim, caja-pequeno, cajazeira, cajazeiro,
cajazeiro-miudo, cancharana, cansa boca, canyarana, ciruela amarilla, diji, ciruela,
ciruelo, hog plum, hubas, hubo, hubus, imbu, imbuzeiro, itahuba, Jamaica-plum,
jobo, jocote, joshin heshon, marope, metsoqui, mombin, mompe, serigiiela,
sheshon, sheson, shungi ushun, shungo, shungu, tapareba, tapereba, taperiba,
taperiba ubo, tobo de la raontana, tronador, tsiyoroqui, ubos Colorado, ubos,
ushum, ushun, uvo, xuxoon), yellow mombin, ylopo
Parts Used: bark, leaves, flowers, fruit, root
UBOS LEAF
HERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS
Main Actions Other
Actions Standard Dosage
kills bacteria
calms & sedates
Leaves
kills viruses
kills parasites
Infusion:
1 cup 2-3 times daily
reduces anxiety
relieves pain
Capsules:
1-2 g twice daily
aids digestion
suppresses cough
kills candida
stimulates uterus
expels worms
stops convulsions
UBOS BARK
HERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS
Main Actions Other
Actions Standard Dosage
reduces inflammation
contraceptive
Bark
relieves pain
kills bacteria
Decoction:
1 cup 2-3 times daily
reduces spasms
Tincture:
2 ml twice daily
kills fungi
kills candida
heals wounds
heals rashes
stops bleeding
Ubos is the Peruvian name for this tropical fruit tree. In
the English-speaking tropics it is often called "hog plum." This
deciduous tree is erect and grows to 20 meters tall with a trunk 60-75 cm in
diameter. The trunk is slightly buttressed and has a thick, fissured, corky,
greyish bark. The leaves are 20-45 cm long and hairy underneath. The tree
produces an abundant crop of small, fragrant, white flowers in panicles. Ubos
also produces numerous plum-like fruits that hang in branched terminal clusters
of a dozen or more. The fruit starts out green and then turns to a light
golden-yellow upon ripening. They are about 3-4 cm long and 2.5 cm wide with a
thin tough skin and a very juicy pulp which is very acidic and usually
sour-tasting. The fruits are favored by tapirs and wild hogs where it grows in
the wild, but the people in the area usually prepare it with sugar or sugarcane
juice in jams, juices, and ice creams to counteract its tartness. One of its
Indian names is taperiba which means "fruit of the tapir," and
Indians in the Amazon will often hunt tapir using ubos fruit as bait.
Ubos is native to the lowland moist forests of the Amazon in
Peru, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, the three Guianas, as well as
southern Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, and the West Indies. It is strictly
tropical and rarely occurs above about 1,000 meters in elevation. While it is
widely found in the rainy lowland rainforests of the Amazon, it has also
adapted to grow in more arid zones of Brazil, Peru, and the Caribbean as well.
The tree grows quite rapidly and is sometimes planted as living fence posts as
well as for shade and for its fruits.
TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USES
Ubos is widely relied on for various herbal remedies for
numerous conditions and virtually every part of the tree is used — from its
thick corky bark, to its leaves, fruits, roots, to even its flowers. Usually
different properties and actions are attributed to different parts of the tree.
In South American herbal medicine systems as well as in
other parts of the world ubos leaves are widely used for female reproductive
tracts issues. It is a common midwife's remedy to help induce labor, reduce
bleeding and pain during and after childbirth, to bring on the flow of breast
milk, and as a vaginal wash to prevent or treat uterine or vaginal infections
after childbirth. The leaves are also a common remedy for various digestive
problems including stomachaches, diarrhea, dyspepsia, gastralgia, colic, and
constipation. The leaves are considered to be antiviral, antibacterial,
anticandidal, and antiseptic and used in numerous microbial problems including
colds and flu, cystitis, urethritis, sore throats, herpes, yeast infections,
gonorrhea, eye and ear infections, and used externally for infected wounds,
cuts, burns, and rashes. The leaves are also considered to be an excellent
vermifuge and anthelmintic and often used for intestinal worms and parasites in
humans as well as their livestock.
The bark of the ubos tree is also employed by midwives. It
is widely used as a contraceptive and abortive, as well as for ovarian and
uterine cancer. It is considered analgesic and antispasmodic and used for
arthritis, rheumatism, muscle and joint pain, injuries and inflammation. The
bark contains a great deal of astringent tannins and is usually prepared in
decoctions for diarrhea and dysentery, blenorrhagia, hemorrhoids, and for
internal and external wounds and bleeding. In addition, the bark is also used
for tonsilitis, laryngitis, malaria, fever, erysipelas, bladder and kidney
stones, snakebite, and intestinal ulcers . The bark is also considered to be a
good topical antiseptic and healing remedy for all types of wounds, rashes,
psoriasis, dermatitis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, and other skin problems.
The many small fragrant flowers of ubos are also used in
herbal medicine. They are typically prepared in an infusion and used for eye
infections and cataracts, as a soothing tea for sore throat, laryngitis and
mouth sores, as well as a heart tonic. The root is used as an antimicrobial for
tuberculosis, diarrhea and vaginal infections. The fruit is eaten as a mild
laxative but in large quantities it is considered to be emetic (induces
vomiting).
PLANT CHEMICALS
Ubos leaves and bark contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids,
sterols, quinones, and antioxidant chemicals. The leaves have been reported to
contain several salicylic acid derivatives (aspirin is a type of salicylic
acid) which probably explains the traditional use of the leaves for various
types of pain. The bark and leaves also contains a well known chemical with
pain-relieving actions called caryophyllene. The leaves are also a significant
source of another chemical called chlorogenic acid. This natural plant chemical
has been reported with antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory actions.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Toxicity studies with mice and rats were performed on ubos
in several published studies. The leaves were reported non-toxic in animals
when administered orally (up to 5 g per kg of an animal's weight). Toxicity was
noted however when animals were injected with a leaf extract (LD50 was between
1.36 and 1.86 gm / kg). The use of ubos leaves by midwives has been studied and
reported over several years. It was reported with uterine stimulant actions as
well as abortive effects in three studies with laboratory animals (mice and
guinea pigs). Ubos leaves were also reported with smooth muscle relaxant
actions, uterine antispasmodic, sedative and anticonvulsant actions, and
anti-anxiety actions in other animal studies which help validate some of its
other traditional uses. In addition, ubos leaves have long been used
traditionally to treat parasitic and intestinal worms in humans and animals.
One research group administered the leaves (2 doses of 500 mg per kg in body
weight) to sheep with confirmed intestinal worms and reported that it reduced
fecal egg counts by 54% for Strongyloides, 65% for Oesophagostomum, and 100%
for Tichuris parasites. They also reported it directly killed these parasites
in their test tube studies.
In other test tube studies, ubos leaves have been reported
with antioxidant actions, antibacterial actions, antiviral actions, anti-candidal
actions, and hemostatic actions. One study indicated that ubos leaves had the
ability to inhibit beta-lactamase — an enzyme produced by certain bacteria that
inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic. Its
reported antiviral actions (against herpes, HIV, cocksacie, poliovirus, and
rotoviruses) might be explained by reports that ubos has the ability to inhibit
reverse transcriptase — a chemical required by many viruses to replicate.
The bark and/or stembark of ubos has also been studied by
scientists. It was reported with anti-inflammatory actions in an animal study
with rats which might be explained by another study reporting that ubos had
COX-inhibitor actions in vitro (an enzyme involved in the creation of
inflammation in the body). The bark has also been reported with antibacterial
actions in test tube studies but was not as effective as the leaves. It was
also reported to inhibit human rotovirus by 82% in vitro which might explain
its long standing use for diarrhea. Other in vitro testing researchers also
reported that ubos bark has strong antifungal and anti-candidal actions.
Ubos bark and leaves have both been studied for their
antitumorous and anticancerous effects. Extracts of both the leaves and bark
passed an initial screening test to predict anti-tumor actions in two analyses.
During the same time university students at Cornell University testing the bark
in vitro against colon and skin cancer cell lines reported no cytotoxic effect.
However, university researchers in Nigeria reported in 2002 that rats fed with
ubos bark had a much lower rate of tumor incidence over the control group when
fed a carcinogenic diet and reported that ubos bark had a anticancerous effect
in their animal studies.
In 2002, a U.S. patent was filed on a cosmetic product that
contained an extract of ubos leaves. In the patent, the French researchers
indicated that ubos leaves had de-pigmenting, antioxidant, anti-aging, cellular
metabolism stimulation, and sunscreen effects for the skin.
CURRENT PRACTICAL USES
Ubos is widely known in the tropics where it grows however
American consumers are just now learning about it. There are only one or two
U.S.-made products available currently. Consumers should pay attention to which
part of the tree is being marketed since the leaves and bark have different
properties, actions, and traditional uses. In South America the bark is
considered a good anti-inflammatory and analgesic and used for inflamed and
painful conditions like arthritis, rheumatism, and skin rashes, while the
leaves are a common remedy for digestive and female complaints as well as an
antimicrobial for infections conditions.
UBOS LEAF PLANT SUMMARY
Main Preparation Method: infusion or capsules
Main Actions (in order): antibacterial, antiviral,
anthelminthic, stomachic, anti-anxiety
Main Uses:
as a broad
spectrum antiseptic and antibacterial
for viruses
for intestinal
worms and parasites
as a menstrual
regulator and for menstrual pain, cramps and irregularity, vaginal infections
and yeast infections.
as a nervine; for
stress and anxiety
Properties/Actions Documented by Research: abortifacient,
anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticandidal, anticarcinogenic, anticonvulsant,
antidopaminergic, antifungal, antioxidant, antispasmodic, antiviral,
anti-yeast, anxiolytic, cytotoxic, smooth muscle relaxant, hemostatic,
sedative, and uterine stimulant
Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:
abortifacient, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive,
antiviral, astringent, diuretic, hemostat, lactagogue, oxytocic, refrigerant,
stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, and vulnerary
Cautions: Do not use if pregnant. Do not use if allergic to
aspirin.
UBOS BARK PLANT SUMMARY
Main Preparation Method: decoction or tincture
Main Actions (in order): anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
antispasmodic, vulnerary, antimicrobial
Main Uses:
as an
anti-inflammatory for arthritis, muscle and joint injuries, etc.
as a pain-reliever
for various types of internal and external pains
as an astringent
and antiseptic wound healer for rashes, cuts, wounds, abrasions and other skin
conditions
for rotoviral
diarrhea and dysentery
for ovarian and
uterine cancer
Properties/Actions Documented by Research: antibacterial,
anti-candidal, anti-carcinomic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral,
COX-inhibitor, cytotoxic, and uterine stimulant
Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use: abortive,
analgesic, anti-arthritic, antibacterial, anticancerous, antidysenteric,
anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antiseptic, antiulcerous, antiviral,
astringent, cicatrizant, contraceptive, hemostat, and vulnerary
Cautions: Do not use if pregnant or seeking to become
pregnant.
Traditional Preparation: Ubos leaves are traditionally
prepared in infusions while the bark is typically prepared in decoctions or
tinctures. See Traditional Herbal Remedies Preparation Methods page if
necessary for definitions.
Contraindications:
Ubos leaves are
traditionally used as a childbirth aid to induce labor and as an abortive.
Animals studies report uterine stimulant and abortive actions. Do not use if
you are pregnant unless under the direct supervision of a medical practitioner.
Ubos bark is
traditionally used as a contraceptive. While no animal or human studies support
this traditional use, women seeking to become pregnant should probably avoid
use of this plant.
Ubos leaves
contains salicylic acid derivatives. If allergic or sensitive to aspirin or
salicylic acid, avoid use of the leaves.
Drug Interactions:
None reported. Animal studies document ubos leaves with sedative and
anti-anxiety effects and as such, the leaves might enhance the effect of other
sedative and anti-anxiety medications.
WORLDWIDE ETHNOMEDICAL USES
Africa for bleeding,
childbirth, chronic diarrhea, constipation, coughs, diarrhea, fever, gonorrhea,
postpartum hemorrhage, stomach problems, tapeworm, and yaws
Belize for diarrhea,
dysentery, gonorrhea, inflammation, insect bites, sores, sore throat, rashes,
weakness, and wounds
Bolivia for injuries
and wounds
Brazil as an
anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory. antispasmodic, antiviral,
astringent, diuretic, emetic, molluscicidal, refrigerant, stimulant, stomachic,
tonic, and vermifuge; for angina, blenorrhagia, childbirth complications,
colic, constipation, cystitis, debility, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia,
erysipelas, eye problems, eye infections, fever, gastralgia, gonorrhea, heart
tonic, heart palpitations, hemorrhoids, herpes, intestinal worms, laryngitis,
malaria, mouth inflammation, prostatitis, sore throat, stomach pain, stomach
ulcers, tonsilitis, sore throat, urethritis, uterine disorders, vaginal
infections, vaginal disorders, and weakness
Colombia as
a contraceptive; for diarrhea, menstrual disorders, vaginal infections, and
wounds
Cuba for uterine
cancer
Guianas for
colds, coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, eye infections, fatigue, gonorrhea,
hemorrhages, mouth sores, sores, stomachache, wounds, and as an abortifacient
Haiti as a
laxative; for coughs, gonorrhea, ophthalmia, sore throat, and urethritis
Mexico for
bladder problems, dysentery, and kidney stones
Nicaragua for
diarrhea, fever, infections, skin rashes, sores, and wounds
Nigeria as an
abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, childbirth aid, diuretic, expectorant,
febrifuge, hemostat, laxative, and oxytocic (induces labor); for burns,
childbirth, cholera, cough, cuts, diarrhea, dizziness, eye ailments, fever,
gonorrhea, malignant tumors, nervous disorders, sore throat, sores, stomach
pains, tapeworm, thrush, wounds, and yaws
Peru as an
analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, cicatrizant,
contraceptive, hemostat, stomachic, and vulnerary; for anemia, asthma,
bacterial infections, blenorrhagia, cataracts, childbirth aid, childbirth,
cuts, cystitis, cysts, debility, dehydration, dermatitis, diarrhea, digestive
problems, dysentery, erysipelas, erythema, excessive menstrual bleeding, female
reproductive tract disorders, fevers, fungal infections, gastritis, genital
disorders, heat rash, hemorrhages, hemorrhoids, herpes, infections, intestinal
ulcers, kidney problems, laryngitis, leishmaniasis, menstrual pain, ovarian
cancer, postpartum infections, psoriasis, rashes, renal problems, skin fungi,
skin eruptions, snakebite, sore throat, stomach problems, stomach pain,
tonsilitis, tuberculosis, ulcers, urethritis, uterine problems, vaginal
problems, vaginal infections, wounds, and yeast infections
Trinidad as
an astringent, and gargle; for colds, diarrhea, erysipelas, nephritis, sores,
sore throat, and thrush
Venezuela for
coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, pertussis, skin lesions, and stomachaches
Elsewhere for
childbirth, colds, coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, edema, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids,
leprosy, leucorrhea, urethritis, and wounds
The above text has
been authored by Leslie Taylor and copyrighted © 2006. All rights reserved. No
part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval system, including websites, without written
permission.
† The statements
contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
The information contained in this plant database file is intended for
education, entertainment and information purposes only. This information is not
intended to be used to diagnose, prescribe or replace proper medical care. The
plant described herein is not intended to treat, cure, diagnose, mitigate or
prevent any disease. Please refer to our Conditions of Use for using this plant
database file and web site.
Published Third-Party Research on Ubos
All available third-party research on ubos can be found at
PubMed. A partial listing of the published research on ubos is shown below:
Uterine Stimulant, Antifertility & Abortive Actions:
Uchendu, C., et al. "Antifertility activity of aqueous
ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) in rats." Afr
Health Sci. 2008 Sep;8(3):163-7.
Offiah, V., et al. "Abortifacient activity of an
aqueous extract of Spondias mombin leaves." J. Ethnopharmacol 1989; 26(3):
317-320.
Barros, G., et al. "Pharmacological screening of some
Brazilian plants." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1970; 22: 116.
Akubue, P., et al. "Preliminary pharmacological study
of some Nigerian medicinal plants." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1983; 8(1): 53-63.
Muscle Relaxant & Antispasmodic Actions:
Akubue, P., et al. "Preliminary pharmacological study
of some Nigerian medicinal plants." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1983; 8(1): 53-63.
Uchendu, C., et al. "Spasmogenic activity of butanolic
leaf extract of Spondias mombin in isolated uterine muscle of the rat: role of
calcium. J. Nat. Remedies 2005; 5(1): 7-14.
Anti-anxiety, Sedative & Anticonvulsant Actions:
Ayoka, A., et al. "Sedative, antiepileptic and
antipsychotic effects of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice and
rats." J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jan 16;103(2):166-75.
Ayoka, A., et al. "Studies on the anxiolytic effect of
Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) extracts." J. Trad. CAM. 2005: 2(2):
153-165.
Ayoka, A., et al. "Sedative, antiepileptic and
antipsychotic effects of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice and
rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jan; 103(2): 166-75.
Hypoglycemic & Anti-Diabetic Actions:
Fred-Jaiyesimi A., et al. "Hypoglycaemic and amylase
inhibitory activities of leaves of Spondias mombin Linn." Afr J Med Med
Sci. 2009 Dec;38(4):343-9.
Cardio-protective Actions:
Akinmoladun, A., et al. "Ramipril-like activity of
Spondias mombin linn against no-flow ischemia and isoproterenol-induced
cardiotoxicity in rat heart." Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2010 Dec;10(4):295-305.
Anthelmintic (worm-expelling) & Anti-parasitic Actions:
Accioly, M., et al. "Leishmanicidal activity in vitro
of Musa paradisiaca L. and Spondias mombin L. fractions." Vet Parasitol.
2012 Jun 8;187(1-2):79-84.
Gbolade, A., et al. "Anthelmintic activities of three
medicinal plants from Nigeria." Fitoterapia. 2008 Apr;79(3):223-5. d
Ademola, I., et al. "Anthelmintic activity of extracts
of Spondias mombin against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: Studies in
vitro and in vivo." So. Trop Anim, Health Prod. 2005 Apr; 37(3): 223-35.
Antioxidant Actions:
da Silva, A., et al. "Chemical composition, antioxidant
and antibacterial activities of two Spondias species from Northeastern
Brazil." Pharm Biol. 2012 Jun;50(6):740-6.
Akinmoladun, A., et al. "Evaluation of antioxidant and
free radical scavenging capacities of some Nigerian indigenous medicinal
plants." J Med Food. 2010 Apr;13(2):444-51
Calderon, A., et al. "Forest plot as a tool to
demonstrate the pharmaceutical potential of plants in a tropical forest of
Panama." Econ. Bot. 2000; 54(3): 278-294.
Kramer, A., et al. "Ethnobotany and biological activity
of plants utilized during pregnancy and childbirth in the Peruvian
Amazon." Emanations from the Rainforest and the Carribean Vol. 4 Sept.
2002, Cornell University. Pauly, G., et al. "Cosmetic containing plant
extracts." U.S. Patent No. 6,406,720. June 18, 2002.
Anti-inflammatory & COX-Inhibitory Actions:
Nworu, C., et al. "The leaf extract of Spondias mombin
L. displays an anti-inflammatory effect and suppresses inducible formation of
tumor necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide (NO)." J Immunotoxicol. 2011
Jan-Mar;8(1):10-6.
Abad, M., et al. "Antiinflammatory activity of some
medicinal plant extracts from Venezuela". J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 55:
63-68.
Calderon, A., et al. "Forest plot as a tool to
demonstrate the pharmaceutical potential of plants in a tropical forest of
Panama." Econ. Bot. 2000; 54(3): 278-294.
Antimicrobial Actions (bacteria, virus, fungi, candida):
Ubos bark has been reported with antibacterial actions in
test tube studies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. It was
also reported to inhibit human rotovirus by 82% in vitro which might explain
its long standing use for diarrhea. In other in vitro testing researchers also
reported that ubos bark has strong antifungal and anticandidal actions.
da Silva, A., et al. "Chemical composition, antioxidant
and antibacterial activities of two Spondias species from Northeastern
Brazil." Pharm Biol. 2012 Jun;50(6):740-6.
Amadi, E., et al. "Studies on the antimicrobial effects
of Spondias mombin and Baphia nittida on dental caries organism." Pak J
Biol Sci. 2007 Feb 1;10(3):393-7.
Calderon, A., et al. "Forest plot as a tool to
demonstrate the pharmaceutical potential of plants in a tropical forest of
Panama." Econ. Bot. 2000; 54(3): 278-294.
Kramer, A., et al. "Ethnobotany and biological activity
of plants utilized during pregnancy and childbirth in the Peruvian
Amazon." Emanations from the Rainforest and the Carribean Vol. 4 Sept.
2002, Cornell University.
Flood, K., et al. "Phytochemical analysis of Cedrela
odorata and Spondias mombin, two dietary sources of Callithrix pygmea on the
Yarapa river in the Amazon basin of Peru." Emanations from the Rainforest
and the Carribean Vol. 4 Sept. 2002, Cornell University.
Ajao, A., et al. "Antibacterial effect of aqueous and
alcohol extracts of Spondias mombin, and Alchornea cordifolia - two local
antimicrobial remedies." Int. J. Crude Drug Res. 1985; 23(2): 67-72.
Abo, K., et al. "Antimicrobial potential of Spondias
mombin, Croton zambesicus and Zygotritonia crocea." Phytother. Res. 1999;
13(6): 494-497.
Corthout, J., et al. "Antivirally active substances
from Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae)." Abstr. Internat. Res. Cong. Nat.
Prod. Coll Pharm. Univ. July 7-12 1985 Abstr. - 53. N. Carolina University,
Chapel Hill, NC
Corthout, J., et al. "Antivirally active substances
from Spondias mombin L." Pharm. Weekbl. 1987; 9(4): 222.
Goncalves, J., et al. "In vitro anti-rotavirus activity
of some medicinal plants used in Brazil against diarrhea." J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jul; 99(3): 403-7.
Corthout, J. et al. "Antiviral caffeoyl esters from
Spondias mombin." Phytochemistry 1992; 31(6): 1979-1981.
Ramirez, V., et al., "Vegetales empleados en medicina
tradicional Norperuana." Banco Agrario Del Peru & Nacl Univ Trujillo,
Trujillo, Peru, June, 1988 Page 54.
Coates, N., et al. "SB-202742, A novel beta-lactamase
inhibitor isolated from Spondias mombin." J. Nat. Prod. 1994; 57(5):
654-657.
Herforth, A., "Anti-fungal plants of the Peruvian
Amazon: A survey of ethnomedical uses and biological activity." Emanations
from the Rainforest and the Carribean. Vol. 4 Sept. 2002, Cornell University.
Cytotoxic & Anticancerous Actions:
Flood, K., et al. "Phytochemical analysis of Cedrela
odorata and Spondias mombin, two dietary sources of Callithrix pygmea on the
Yarapa river in the Amazon basin of Peru." Emanations from the Rainforest
and the Carribean Vol. 4 Sept. 2002, Cornell University.
Herforth, A., "Anti-fungal plants of the Peruvian
Amazon: A survey of ethnomedical uses and biological activity." Emanations
from the Rainforest and the Carribean Vol. 4 Sept. 2002, Cornell University.
Quignard, E., et al. "Screening of plants found in
Amazonas state for lethality towards brine shrimp." Acta Amazonica. 2003;
33(1): 93-104.
Idu, M., et al. "Studies on the nutritional value and
anti-tumour property of the bark of Spondias mombin L." J. Med. Biomed.
Res. 2002; 1(2): 223-228.
Anti-aging & Sunscreen Actions: Pauly, G., et al.
"Cosmetic containing plant extracts." U.S. Patent No. 6,406,720. June
18, 2002.
* The statements
contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
The information contained in this plant database file is intended for
education, entertainment and information purposes only. This information is not
intended to be used to diagnose, prescribe or replace proper medical care. The plant
described herein is not intended to treat, cure, diagnose, mitigate or prevent
any disease. Please refer to our Conditions of Use for using this plant
database file and web site.
© Copyrighted 1996 to present by Leslie Taylor, Milam
County, TX 77857.
All rights reserved. Please read the Conditions of Use, and
Copyright Statement for this web page and web site.
Last updated 1-2-2013
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…………
Terjemahan dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Keluarga:
Anacardiaceae
Takson: Spondias mombin L.
Sinonim: Spondias lutea, S. aurantiaca, S. axillaris. S cytherea, S. dubia, S.
graveolens, S. lucida, S myrobalanus, S. nigrescens, S. pseudomyrobalanus, S
purpurea, S. radlkoferi, S. venulosa, S. zansee
Nama-nama umum: acaiba, Acaja, Acaja, acajaiba, acaju ajuela, agria,
binbish-sheshon, caja, caja-Mirim, caja-pequeno, cajazeira, cajazeiro,
cajazeiro-miudo, cancharana, cansa boca, canyarana, ciruela amarilla, Diji,
ciruela, Ciruelo, babi plum, hubas, HUBO, hubus, imbu, imbuzeiro, itahuba,
Jamaika-plum, JOBO, jocote, Joshin heshon, marope, metsoqui, mombin, mompe,
serigiiela, sheshon, sheson, shungi ushun, shungo, Shungu , tapareba, tapereba,
taperiba, taperiba ubo, tobo de la raontana, Tronador, tsiyoroqui, ubos
Colorado, ubos, ushum, ushun, uvo, xuxoon), kuning mombin, ylopo
Parts Digunakan: kulit kayu, daun, bunga, buah, akar
UBOS LEAF
SIFAT HERBAL DAN TINDAKAN
Tindakan Utama Tindakan lain Standar Dosis
membunuh bakteri
menenangkan & sedates
Daun
membunuh virus
membunuh parasit
Infusion: 1 cangkir 2-3 kali sehari
mengurangi kecemasan
mengurangi rasa sakit
Kapsul: 1-2 g dua kali sehari
membantu pencernaan
menekan batuk
membunuh candida
merangsang rahim
mengusir cacing
berhenti kejang
UBOS KULIT
SIFAT HERBAL DAN TINDAKAN
Tindakan Utama Tindakan lain Standar Dosis
mengurangi peradangan
kontraseptif
Kulit
mengurangi rasa sakit
membunuh bakteri
Rebusan: 1 cangkir 2-3 kali sehari
mengurangi kejang
Tingtur: 2 ml dua kali sehari
membunuh jamur
membunuh candida
menyembuhkan luka
menyembuhkan ruam
berhenti pendarahan
Ubos adalah nama Peru untuk pohon ini buah tropis. Di daerah tropis berbahasa
Inggris sering disebut "hog plum." Gugur ini pohon tegak dan tumbuh
sampai 20 meter dengan batang 60-75 cm. Batangnya sedikit ditopang dan memiliki
tebal, pecah-pecah, periang, kulit keabu-abuan. Daun bawah panjang 20-45 cm dan
berbulu. Pohon menghasilkan tanaman yang berlimpah kecil, harum, bunga putih di
malai. Ubos juga memproduksi berbagai plum-seperti buah-buahan yang menggantung
di cluster terminal bercabang dari selusin atau lebih. Buah mulai keluar hijau
dan kemudian berubah menjadi cahaya kuning keemasan pada pematangan. Mereka
adalah panjang sekitar 3-4 cm dan 2,5 cm lebar dengan kulit yang kuat tipis dan
pulp sangat juicy yang sangat asam dan biasanya asam-mencicipi. Buah disukai
oleh tapir dan babi liar di mana ia tumbuh di alam liar, tetapi orang-orang di
daerah tersebut biasanya mempersiapkan dengan gula atau jus tebu dalam
kemacetan, jus, dan es krim untuk melawan kegetiran nya. Salah satu nama India
adalah taperiba yang berarti "buah tapir," dan Indian di Amazon akan
sering berburu tapir menggunakan buah ubos sebagai umpan.
Ubos adalah asli hutan lembab dataran rendah Amazon di Peru, Brasil, Venezuela,
Bolivia, Kolombia, tiga Guianas, serta Meksiko Selatan, Belize, Kosta Rika, dan
Hindia Barat. Ini adalah benar-benar tropis dan jarang terjadi di atas sekitar
1.000 meter di ketinggian. Sementara itu secara luas ditemukan di dataran
rendah hutan hujan hujan di Amazon, juga telah diadaptasi untuk tumbuh di
daerah yang lebih kering dari Brasil, Peru, dan Karibia juga. Pohon itu tumbuh
cukup pesat dan kadang-kadang ditanam sebagai tiang pagar hidup serta untuk
naungan dan buah-buahan.
OBAT HERBAL DAN PENGGUNAAN TRIBAL
Ubos banyak diandalkan untuk berbagai obat herbal untuk berbagai kondisi dan
hampir setiap bagian dari pohon digunakan - dari periang kulit tebal, untuk
daun, buah, akar, bahkan untuk bunganya. Sifat dan tindakan biasanya berbeda
yang dikaitkan dengan bagian yang berbeda dari pohon.
Di Amerika Selatan sistem jamu serta di bagian lain dari daun ubos dunia banyak
digunakan untuk wanita masalah saluran reproduksi. Ini adalah obat bidan umum
untuk membantu menginduksi persalinan, mengurangi perdarahan dan nyeri selama
dan setelah melahirkan, untuk membawa pada aliran ASI, dan sebagai mencuci
vagina untuk mencegah atau mengobati infeksi rahim atau vagina setelah
melahirkan. Daunnya juga merupakan obat umum untuk berbagai masalah pencernaan
seperti sakit perut, diare, dispepsia, gastralgia, kolik, dan sembelit. Daun
dianggap antivirus, antibakteri, anticandidal, dan antiseptik dan digunakan
dalam masalah mikroba banyak termasuk pilek dan flu, sistitis, uretritis, sakit
tenggorokan, herpes, infeksi jamur, gonore, mata dan infeksi telinga, dan
digunakan secara eksternal untuk luka yang terinfeksi , luka, luka bakar, dan
ruam. Daun juga dianggap sebagai vermifuge baik dan anthelmintik dan sering
digunakan untuk cacingan dan parasit pada manusia serta ternak mereka.
Kulit pohon ubos juga digunakan oleh bidan. Hal ini banyak digunakan sebagai
kontrasepsi dan ovarium gagal, serta untuk dan kanker rahim. Hal ini dianggap
analgesik dan antispasmodic dan digunakan untuk artritis, rematik, nyeri otot
dan sendi, luka dan peradangan. Kulitnya mengandung banyak zat tanin dan
biasanya sudah dipersiapkan di decoctions untuk diare dan disentri,
blenorrhagia, wasir, dan luka eksternal dan internal dan perdarahan. Selain
itu, kulit juga digunakan untuk tonsilitis, radang tenggorokan, malaria, demam,
erisipelas, kandung kemih dan batu ginjal, gigitan ular, dan tukak usus. Kulit
juga dianggap sebagai antiseptik topikal yang baik dan obat penyembuhan untuk
semua jenis luka, ruam, psoriasis, dermatitis, leishmaniasis, kusta, dan
masalah kulit lainnya.
Banyak bunga harum kecil ubos juga digunakan dalam pengobatan herbal. Mereka
biasanya disiapkan dalam infus dan digunakan untuk infeksi mata dan katarak,
sebagai teh yang menenangkan untuk sakit tenggorokan, radang tenggorokan dan
mulut luka, serta sebagai tonik jantung. Akar digunakan sebagai antimikroba
untuk TBC, diare dan infeksi vagina. Buah ini dimakan sebagai pencahar ringan
tetapi dalam jumlah besar itu dianggap muntah (menginduksi muntah).
CHEMICALS PLANT
Daun Ubos dan kulit mengandung tanin, saponin, flavonoid, sterol, kuinon, dan
bahan kimia antioksidan. Daun telah dilaporkan mengandung beberapa turunan asam
salisilat (aspirin adalah jenis asam salisilat) yang mungkin menjelaskan penggunaan
tradisional daun untuk berbagai jenis nyeri. Kulit kayu dan daun juga
mengandung zat kimia terkenal dengan tindakan penghilang rasa sakit yang
disebut caryophyllene. Daunnya juga merupakan sumber signifikan dari bahan
kimia lain yang disebut asam klorogenat. Ini kimia tumbuhan alami telah
dilaporkan dengan antibakteri, antivirus, tindakan anti-inflamasi.
AKTIVITAS BIOLOGIS DAN PENELITIAN KLINIS
Toksisitas studi dengan tikus dan tikus dilakukan pada ubos dalam beberapa
penelitian yang diterbitkan. Daun dilaporkan tidak beracun pada hewan bila
diberikan secara oral (sampai 5 g per kg berat hewan). Toksisitas tercatat
namun ketika hewan yang disuntik dengan ekstrak daun (LD50 adalah antara 1,36
dan 1,86 gm / kg). Penggunaan daun ubos oleh bidan telah dipelajari dan
dilaporkan selama beberapa tahun. Hal ini dilaporkan dengan tindakan stimulan
rahim serta efek gagal dalam tiga studi dengan hewan laboratorium (tikus dan
kelinci percobaan). Daun Ubos juga dilaporkan dengan tindakan halus relaksan
otot, antispasmodic, obat penenang dan antikonvulsan rahim, dan tindakan
anti-kecemasan dalam studi hewan lain yang membantu memvalidasi beberapa
kegunaan tradisional lainnya. Selain itu, daun ubos telah lama digunakan secara
tradisional untuk mengobati cacing parasit dan usus pada manusia dan hewan.
Satu kelompok penelitian diberikan daun (2 dosis 500 mg per kg berat badan)
dengan domba dengan dikonfirmasi cacingan dan melaporkan bahwa itu mengurangi
jumlah telur tinja sebesar 54% untuk Strongyloides, 65% untuk Oesophagostomum,
dan 100% untuk parasit Tichuris. Mereka juga melaporkan langsung membunuh
parasit ini dalam studi tabung uji mereka.
Dalam penelitian tabung tes lainnya, daun ubos telah dilaporkan dengan tindakan
antioksidan, antibakteri tindakan, tindakan antivirus, tindakan anti-kandida,
dan tindakan hemostatik. Satu studi menunjukkan bahwa daun ubos memiliki
kemampuan untuk menghambat beta-laktamase - enzim yang diproduksi oleh bakteri
tertentu yang menginaktivasi penisilin dan menghasilkan resistensi terhadap
antibiotik tersebut. Tindakannya melaporkan antivirus (melawan herpes, HIV,
cocksacie, virus polio, dan rotoviruses) dapat dijelaskan oleh laporan bahwa
ubos memiliki kemampuan untuk menghambat reverse transcriptase - bahan kimia
yang dibutuhkan oleh banyak virus untuk bereplikasi.
Kulit dan / atau stembark dari ubos juga telah diteliti oleh para ilmuwan. Hal
ini dilaporkan dengan tindakan anti-inflamasi dalam studi hewan dengan tikus
yang mungkin dijelaskan oleh laporan studi lain yang ubos memiliki tindakan
COX-inhibitor in vitro (enzim yang terlibat dalam penciptaan peradangan dalam
tubuh). Kulit juga telah dilaporkan dengan tindakan antibakteri dalam studi
tabung reaksi tapi tidak seefektif daun. Hal itu juga dilaporkan menghambat
rotovirus manusia dengan 82% in vitro yang mungkin menjelaskan penggunaan
berdiri lama untuk diare. Lainnya di peneliti pengujian in vitro juga
melaporkan bahwa ubos kulit memiliki tindakan antijamur dan anti-kandida yang
kuat.
Kulit Ubos dan daun keduanya telah dipelajari untuk efek antitumorous dan
antikanker mereka. Ekstrak dari kedua daun dan kulit lulus tes penyaringan awal
untuk memprediksi tindakan anti-tumor dalam dua analisis. Selama waktu yang
sama mahasiswa di Cornell University menguji kulit in vitro terhadap usus besar
dan jalur sel kanker kulit melaporkan tidak ada efek sitotoksik. Namun,
peneliti universitas di Nigeria dilaporkan pada tahun 2002 bahwa tikus diberi
makan dengan ubos kulit memiliki tingkat jauh lebih rendah dari kejadian tumor
dibanding kelompok kontrol ketika diberi makan diet karsinogenik dan melaporkan
bahwa ubos kulit memiliki efek antikanker dalam studi hewan mereka.
Pada tahun 2002, hak paten AS diajukan pada produk kosmetik yang mengandung
ekstrak daun ubos. Dalam paten tersebut, para peneliti Perancis menunjukkan
bahwa daun ubos memiliki de-pigmenting, antioksidan, anti-penuaan, stimulasi
metabolisme sel, dan efek tabir surya untuk kulit.
PENGGUNAAN PRAKTIS LANCAR
Ubos dikenal luas di daerah tropis di mana ia tumbuh namun konsumen Amerika
hanya sekarang belajar tentang hal itu. Hanya ada satu atau dua produk buatan
AS yang tersedia saat ini. Konsumen harus memperhatikan bagian dari pohon yang
sedang dipasarkan sejak daun dan kulit kayu memiliki sifat yang berbeda,
tindakan, dan penggunaan tradisional. Di Amerika Selatan kulit dianggap sebagai
anti-inflamasi dan analgesik yang baik dan digunakan untuk kondisi meradang dan
menyakitkan seperti arthritis, rematik, dan ruam kulit, sedangkan daun adalah
obat umum untuk pencernaan dan wanita keluhan serta antimikroba untuk kondisi
infeksi .
UBOS DAUN TANAMAN RINGKASAN
Main Metoda Preparasi: infus atau kapsul
Tindakan utama (dalam urutan): antibakteri, antivirus, obat cacing, obat perut,
anti-kecemasan
Main Penggunaan:
sebagai spektrum luas antiseptik dan antibakteri
untuk virus
untuk cacingan dan parasit
sebagai pengatur haid dan nyeri haid, kram dan
ketidakteraturan, infeksi vagina dan infeksi jamur.
sebagai seorang yg menenangkan, karena stres dan
kecemasan
Properti / Tindakan terdokumentasi oleh Research: aborsi, obat cacing,
antibakteri, anticandidal, antikarsinogenik, antikonvulsan, antidopaminergic,
antijamur, antioksidan, antispasmodic, antivirus, anti-jamur, anxiolytic,
sitotoksik, relaksan otot polos, hemostatik, obat penenang, dan stimulan rahim
Properti / Tindakan terdokumentasi dengan Pemanfaatan Tradisional: aborsi, obat
cacing, antibakteri, antiseptik, antispasmodik, antitusif, antivirus,
astringent, diuretik, hemostat, lactagogue, oxytocic, refrigerant, stimulan,
obat perut, tonik, vermifuge, dan vulnerary
Perhatian: Jangan gunakan jika hamil. Jangan gunakan jika alergi terhadap
aspirin.
UBOS KULIT TANAMAN RINGKASAN
Main Metoda Preparasi: rebusan atau tingtur
Tindakan utama (dalam urutan): anti-inflamasi, analgesik, antispasmodic,
vulnerary, antimikroba
Main Penggunaan:
sebagai anti-inflamasi untuk arthritis, cedera otot dan
persendian, dll
sebagai sakit reliever untuk berbagai jenis nyeri
internal dan eksternal
sebagai penyembuh luka zat dan antiseptik untuk ruam,
luka, luka, lecet dan kondisi kulit lainnya
untuk diare dan disentri rotoviral
untuk kanker ovarium dan kanker rahim
Properti / Tindakan terdokumentasi oleh Research: antibakteri, anti-kandida,
anti-carcinomic, antijamur, anti-inflamasi, anti-virus, COX-inhibitor,
sitotoksik, dan stimulan rahim
Properti / Tindakan terdokumentasi dengan Pemanfaatan Tradisional: gagal,
analgesik, anti-rematik, antibakteri, antikanker, antidysenteric,
anti-inflamasi, anti-rematik, antiseptik, antiulcerous, antivirus, astringent,
cicatrizant, kontrasepsi, hemostat, dan vulnerary
Perhatian: Jangan gunakan jika hamil atau berusaha untuk hamil.
Persiapan Tradisional: daun Ubos secara tradisional disiapkan di infus
sementara kulit biasanya disiapkan dalam decoctions atau tincture. Lihat Herbal
Tradisional Halaman Metode Persiapan remedies jika perlu untuk definisi.
Kontraindikasi:
Daun Ubos secara tradisional digunakan sebagai
pertolongan persalinan untuk menginduksi persalinan dan sebagai gagal. Hewan
penelitian melaporkan stimulan rahim dan tindakan gagal. Jangan gunakan jika
Anda sedang hamil kecuali di bawah pengawasan langsung dari seorang praktisi
medis.
Ubos kulit secara tradisional digunakan sebagai alat
kontrasepsi. Sementara tidak ada hewan atau penelitian manusia mendukung
penggunaan tradisional ini, perempuan yang mencari untuk hamil mungkin harus
menghindari penggunaan tanaman ini.
Ubos daun mengandung turunan asam salisilat. Jika
alergi atau sensitif terhadap asam aspirin atau salisilat, hindari penggunaan
daun.
Interaksi Obat: Tidak ada dilaporkan. Hewan studi
dokumen ubos daun dengan efek penenang dan anti-kecemasan dan dengan demikian,
daun mungkin meningkatkan efek dari obat penenang dan anti-kecemasan lain.
PENGGUNAAN ETHNOMEDICAL WORLDWIDE
Afrika selama pendarahan, melahirkan, diare kronis, sembelit, batuk, diare,
demam, gonore, perdarahan postpartum, masalah perut, cacing pita, dan frambusia
Belize untuk diare, disentri, kencing nanah, radang, gigitan serangga, luka,
sakit tenggorokan, ruam, kelemahan, dan luka
Bolivia akibat cedera dan luka
Brasil sebagai obat cacing, antibakteri, anti-inflamasi. antispasmodic,
antivirus, astringent, diuretik, muntah, molluscicidal, refrigerant, stimulan,
obat perut, tonik, dan vermifuge, karena angina, blenorrhagia, komplikasi
persalinan, kolik, sembelit, cystitis, kelemahan, diare, disentri, dispepsia,
erisipelas, masalah mata, infeksi mata, demam, gastralgia, gonore, tonik
jantung, jantung berdebar-debar, wasir, herpes, cacingan, radang tenggorokan,
malaria, radang mulut, prostatitis, sakit tenggorokan, sakit perut, sakit maag,
tonsilitis, sakit tenggorokan, uretritis, gangguan rahim, infeksi vagina,
gangguan vagina, dan kelemahan
Kolombia sebagai kontrasepsi, karena diare, gangguan menstruasi, infeksi
vagina, dan luka
Kuba untuk kanker rahim
Guianas untuk pilek, batuk, diare, disentri, infeksi mata, kelelahan, gonore,
perdarahan, luka mulut, luka, sakit perut, luka, dan sebagai abortifacient
Haiti sebagai pencahar, untuk batuk, gonore, ophthalmia, sakit tenggorokan, dan
uretritis
Meksiko untuk masalah kandung kemih, disentri, dan batu ginjal
Nikaragua untuk diare, demam, infeksi, ruam kulit, luka, dan luka
Nigeria sebagai aborsi, anti-inflamasi, pertolongan persalinan, diuretik,
ekspektoran, obat penurun panas, hemostat, pencahar, dan oxytocin (menginduksi
tenaga kerja), karena luka bakar, melahirkan, kolera, batuk, luka, diare,
pusing, penyakit mata, demam, gonore , tumor ganas, gangguan saraf, sakit
tenggorokan, luka, sakit perut, cacing pita, sariawan, luka, dan frambusia
Peru sebagai analgesik, antibakteri, antiseptik, antispasmodik, astringent,
cicatrizant, kontrasepsi, hemostat, perut, dan vulnerary, karena anemia, asma,
infeksi bakteri, blenorrhagia, katarak, pertolongan persalinan, persalinan,
luka, sistitis, kista, kelemahan, dehidrasi , dermatitis, diare, masalah
pencernaan, disentri, erisipelas, eritema, perdarahan menstruasi yang
berlebihan, gangguan saluran reproduksi wanita, demam, infeksi jamur,
gastritis, gangguan kelamin, ruam panas, perdarahan, wasir, herpes, infeksi,
tukak usus, masalah ginjal, laringitis, leishmaniasis, nyeri haid, kanker
ovarium, infeksi postpartum, psoriasis, ruam, masalah ginjal, jamur kulit,
erupsi kulit, gigitan ular, sakit tenggorokan, masalah perut, sakit perut,
tonsilitis, tuberkulosis, bisul, uretritis, masalah rahim, masalah vagina ,
infeksi vagina, luka, dan infeksi jamur
Trinidad sebagai astringent, dan kumur, karena pilek, diare, erisipelas,
nefritis, luka, sakit tenggorokan, dan sariawan
Venezuela untuk batuk, diare, disentri, pertusis, lesi kulit, dan sakit perut
Di tempat lain untuk melahirkan, pilek, batuk, diare, disentri, edema, gonore,
wasir, kusta, keputihan, uretritis, dan luka
Atas teks telah ditulis oleh Leslie Taylor dan hak
cipta © 2006. All rights reserved. Tidak ada bagian dari dokumen ini dapat
direproduksi atau ditransmisikan dalam bentuk apapun atau dengan cara apapun,
elektronik atau mekanis, termasuk fotokopi, rekaman, atau oleh penyimpanan
informasi atau sistem pencarian, termasuk situs, tanpa izin tertulis.
† Laporan yang terkandung di sini belum dievaluasi oleh
Food and Drug Administration. Informasi yang terkandung dalam file database
tanaman dimaksudkan untuk tujuan pendidikan, hiburan dan informasi saja.
Informasi ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk digunakan untuk mendiagnosa, meresepkan
atau mengganti perawatan medis yang tepat. Pabrik dijelaskan di sini tidak
dimaksudkan untuk mengobati, menyembuhkan, mendiagnosa, mengurangi atau
mencegah penyakit. Silakan lihat Ketentuan Penggunaan untuk menggunakan file
database tanaman dan situs web.
Diterbitkan Riset Pihak Ketiga pada Ubos
Semua tersedia penelitian pihak ketiga pada ubos dapat ditemukan di PubMed.
Sebagian dari daftar penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada ubos ditunjukkan di
bawah ini:
Stimulan rahim, antifertilitas & Abortive Tindakan:
Uchendu, C., dkk. "Kegiatan antifertilitas berair ekstrak daun etanol
Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) pada tikus." Afr Kesehatan Sci. 2008
September, 8 (3) :163-7.
Offiah, V., et al. "Kegiatan aborsi dari ekstrak air daun Spondias
mombin." J. Ethnopharmacol 1989; 26 (3): 317-320.
Barros, G., et al. "Skrining Farmakologi beberapa tanaman Brasil." J.
Pharm. Pharmacol. 1970; 22: 116.
Akubue, P., et al. "Studi farmakologi awal beberapa tanaman obat
Nigeria." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1983; 8 (1): 53-63.
Otot Relaxant & Aksi Antispasmodic:
Akubue, P., et al. "Studi farmakologi awal beberapa tanaman obat
Nigeria." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1983; 8 (1): 53-63.
Uchendu, C., dkk. "Kegiatan Spasmogenic ekstrak daun butanolic dari
Spondias mombin di otot rahim terisolasi dari tikus: peran kalsium J. Nat
remedies 2005; 5 (1):.. 7-14.
Anti-kecemasan, Tindakan sedative & antikonvulsan:
Ayoka, A., et al. "Obat penenang, antiepilepsi dan antipsikotik efek
Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) pada tikus dan tikus." J
Ethnopharmacol. 16 Jan 2006, 103 (2) :166-75.
Ayoka, A., et al. "Studi tentang efek anxiolytic Spondias mombin L.
(Anacardiaceae) ekstrak." J. Trad. CAM. 2005: 2 (2): 153-165.
Ayoka, A., et al. "Obat penenang, antiepilepsi dan antipsikotik efek
Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) pada tikus dan tikus." J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jan; 103 (2): 166-75.
Hipoglikemik & Anti-Diabetic Tindakan:
Fred-Jaiyesimi A., et al. "Kegiatan hambat hipoglikemik dan amilase daun
Spondias mombin Linn." Afr J Med Med Sci. 2009 Dec, 38 (4) :343-9.
Tindakan Cardio-pelindung:
Akinmoladun, A., et al. "Kegiatan Ramipril-seperti Spondias mombin linn
terhadap no-aliran iskemia dan isoproterenol-menyebabkan kardiotoksisitas dalam
hati tikus." Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2010 Dec, 10 (4) :295-305.
Anthelmintik (cacing mengusir) & Aksi Anti-parasit:
Accioly, M., et al. "Kegiatan Leishmanicidal in vitro Musa paradisiaca L.
dan Spondias mombin L. fraksi." Vet Parasitol. 8 Juni 2012, 187 (1-2)
:79-84.
Gbolade, A., et al. "Kegiatan Antelmintik tiga tanaman obat dari
Nigeria." Fitoterapia. 2008 Apr, 79 (3) :223-5. d
Ademola, I., et al. "Kegiatan Antelmintik ekstrak Spondias mombin terhadap
nematoda gastrointestinal domba:. Studi in vitro dan in vivo" Jadi. Trop
Anim, Kesehatan Prod. 2005 April, 37 (3): 223-35.
Antioksidan Tindakan:
da Silva, A., et al. "Komposisi kimia, antioksidan dan aktivitas
antibakteri dari dua Spondias spesies dari Northeastern Brasil." Pharm
Biol. 2012 Juni, 50 (6) :740-6.
Akinmoladun, A., et al. "Evaluasi antioksidan dan kapasitas radikal bebas
beberapa Nigeria tanaman obat asli." J Med Food. 2010 Apr, 13 (2) :444-51
Calderon, A., et al. "Plot Hutan sebagai alat untuk menunjukkan potensi
farmasi tanaman di hutan tropis Panama." Econ. Bot. 2000; 54 (3): 278-294.
Kramer, A., et al. "Etnobotani dan biologi aktivitas tanaman digunakan
selama kehamilan dan persalinan di Amazon Peru." Emanasi dari Rainforest
dan Karibia Vol. 4 September 2002, Cornell University. Pauly, G., et al.
"Ekstrak tanaman yang mengandung Kosmetik." US Patent No 6.406.720.
18 Juni 2002.
Anti-inflamasi & COX-Hambat Tindakan:
Nworu, C., dkk. "Ekstrak daun Spondias mombin L. menampilkan efek
anti-inflamasi dan menekan pembentukan diinduksi tumor necrosis factor-a dan
nitrat oksida (NO)." J Immunotoxicol. 2011 Jan-Mar, 8 (1) :10-6.
Abad, M., et al. "Kegiatan Antiinflamasi beberapa ekstrak tanaman obat
dari Venezuela". J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 55: 63-68.
Calderon, A., et al. "Plot Hutan sebagai alat untuk menunjukkan potensi
farmasi tanaman di hutan tropis Panama." Econ. Bot. 2000, 54 (3): 278-294.
Aksi antimikroba (bakteri, virus, jamur, candida):
Ubos kulit telah dilaporkan dengan tindakan antibakteri dalam studi tabung
reaksi terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus cereus. Hal itu juga
dilaporkan menghambat rotovirus manusia dengan 82% in vitro yang mungkin
menjelaskan penggunaan berdiri lama untuk diare. Di lain peneliti pengujian in
vitro juga melaporkan bahwa ubos kulit memiliki tindakan antijamur dan
anticandidal kuat.
da Silva, A., et al. "Komposisi kimia, antioksidan dan aktivitas
antibakteri dari dua Spondias spesies dari Northeastern Brasil." Pharm
Biol. 2012 Juni, 50 (6) :740-6.
Amadi, E., et al. "Studi tentang efek antimikroba Spondias mombin dan
Baphia nittida pada gigi karies organisme." Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Feb 1, 10
(3) :393-7.
Calderon, A., et al. "Plot Hutan sebagai alat untuk menunjukkan potensi
farmasi tanaman di hutan tropis Panama." Econ. Bot. 2000; 54 (3): 278-294.
Kramer, A., et al. "Etnobotani dan biologi aktivitas tanaman digunakan
selama kehamilan dan persalinan di Amazon Peru." Emanasi dari Rainforest
dan Karibia Vol. 4 September 2002, Cornell University.
Banjir, K., et al. "Analisis fitokimia Cedrela odorata dan Spondias
mombin, dua sumber makanan Callithrix pygmea di sungai Yarapa di cekungan
Amazon Peru." Emanasi dari Rainforest dan Karibia Vol. 4 September 2002,
Cornell University.
Ajao, A., et al. "Efek antibakteri ekstrak air dan alkohol dari Spondias
mombin, dan Alchornea cordifolia -. Dua obat antimikroba lokal" Int. J.
mentah Res Narkoba. 1985, 23 (2): 67-72.
Abo, K., et al. "Potensi antimikroba Spondias mombin, Croton zambesicus
dan Zygotritonia crocea." Phytother. Res. 1999; 13 (6): 494-497.
Corthout, J., et al. "Antivirally zat aktif dari Spondias mombin L.
(Anacardiaceae)." Abstr. Internat. Res. Cong. Nat. Prod. Coll Pharm. Univ.
07-12 Juli 1985 Abstr. - 53. N. Carolina University, Chapel Hill, NC
Corthout, J., et al. "Antivirally zat aktif dari Spondias mombin L."
Pharm. Weekbl. 1987; 9 (4): 222.
Goncalves, J., et al. "Dalam vitro aktivitas anti-rotavirus beberapa
tanaman obat yang digunakan di Brazil terhadap diare." J. Ethnopharmacol.
2005 Juli, 99 (3): 403-7.
Corthout, J. dkk. "Ester caffeoyl Antiviral dari Spondias mombin."
Fitokimia 1992; 31 (6): 1979-1981.
Ramirez, V., et al., "Vegetales empleados en medicina tradicional
Norperuana." Banco Agrario Del Peru & Nacl Univ Trujillo, Trujillo,
Peru, Juni, 1988 Page 54.
Coates, N., et al. "SB-202742, Sebuah novel beta-laktamase inhibitor
diisolasi dari Spondias mombin." J. Nat. Prod. 1994, 57 (5): 654-657.
Herforth, A., "tanaman anti jamur dari Amazon Peru:. Sebuah survei
kegunaan ethnomedical dan aktivitas biologis" Emanasi dari Rainforest dan
Karibia. Vol. 4 September 2002, Cornell University.
Sitotoksik & antikanker Tindakan:
Banjir, K., et al. "Analisis fitokimia Cedrela odorata dan Spondias
mombin, dua sumber makanan Callithrix pygmea di sungai Yarapa di cekungan
Amazon Peru." Emanasi dari Rainforest dan Karibia Vol. 4 September 2002,
Cornell University.
Herforth, A., "tanaman anti jamur dari Amazon Peru:. Sebuah survei
kegunaan ethnomedical dan aktivitas biologis" Emanasi dari Rainforest dan
Karibia Vol. 4 September 2002, Cornell University.
Quignard, E., et al. "Skrining tanaman ditemukan dalam keadaan Amazonas
untuk mematikan terhadap udang air garam." Acta Amazonica. 2003; 33 (1):
93-104.
Idu, M., et al. "Studi tentang nilai gizi dan properti anti-tumor dari
kulit Spondias mombin L." J. Med. Biomed. Res. 2002; 1 (2): 223-228.
Anti-aging & Sunscreen Tindakan: Pauly, G., et al. "Ekstrak tanaman
yang mengandung Kosmetik." US Patent No 6.406.720. 18 Juni 2002.
* Laporan yang terkandung di sini belum dievaluasi oleh
Food and Drug Administration. Informasi yang terkandung dalam file database
tanaman dimaksudkan untuk tujuan pendidikan, hiburan dan informasi saja.
Informasi ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk digunakan untuk mendiagnosa, meresepkan
atau mengganti perawatan medis yang tepat. Pabrik dijelaskan di sini tidak
dimaksudkan untuk mengobati, menyembuhkan, mendiagnosa, mengurangi atau
mencegah penyakit. Silakan lihat Ketentuan Penggunaan untuk menggunakan file
database tanaman dan situs web.
© Hak Cipta 1996 untuk hadir oleh Leslie Taylor, Milam County, TX 77857.
All rights reserved. Silakan baca Ketentuan Penggunaan, dan Pernyataan Hak
Cipta untuk halaman web dan situs web.
Terakhir diperbarui 2013/01/02
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